Dr. Minas Lyristis's Timely Contribution to Gulf Security Studies

In a significant addition to the discourse on regional security and economic diversification, Dr. Minas Lyristis has authored Chapter 11, titled 'Forging Sovereignty: Defence Entrepreneurship in the Gulf States,' in the newly released book Entrepreneurship in the International Political Economy: Theory and Policy, published by IGI Global in February 2026. This 560-page volume explores the intersection of entrepreneurship, global economics, and political governance, with Lyristis's chapter providing a rigorous analysis of how Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, particularly the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, are transitioning from traditional arms importers to active defence producers.

The publication comes at a pivotal moment for the UAE, where defence localization is a cornerstone of national strategy under Vision 2031. Lyristis's work highlights the strategic imperatives driving this shift, offering insights valuable for policymakers, academics, and industry leaders in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. As the UAE's defence sector grows, with companies like EDGE Group leading the charge, such scholarly examinations underscore the blend of geopolitical necessity and economic ambition shaping the nation's future.

Profile of Dr. Minas Lyristis: An Expert in Mediterranean and Gulf Geopolitics

Dr. Minas Lyristis holds a PhD with Distinction from the Department of Mediterranean Studies at the University of the Aegean in Greece. His doctoral research focused on regional power dynamics, with a particular emphasis on Saudi Arabia's hegemonic aspirations in the Middle East. Currently serving as Junior Scholar for Gulf Affairs at Strategy International, a Nicosia-based think tank, and as a Consultant and Project Manager at BK Plus Europe, Lyristis bridges academia and policy consultancy.

His portfolio includes publications on Saudi foreign policy, Greek-Saudi relations, and innovation geopolitics, such as Vision 2030's role in reshaping Middle Eastern power balances. This latest chapter builds on his expertise, applying a comparative lens to GCC defence strategies. For UAE scholars and students interested in security studies, Lyristis's work exemplifies how international academics contribute to local conversations, potentially inspiring collaborations with UAE institutions like Khalifa University or Zayed University.

The Broader Context: GCC's Pivot from Import Dependency

Historically, GCC states have relied heavily on foreign arms suppliers, with the UAE importing over 90% of its military equipment as recently as the early 2010s. This dependency exposed vulnerabilities during asymmetric conflicts like Yemen, where supply chain disruptions and operational lessons highlighted the need for self-reliance.

Dr. Lyristis frames this evolution as 'creative construction'—state-led ventures manifesting modern state capitalism. In the UAE, the establishment of EDGE Group in 2019 consolidated over 25 local firms into a powerhouse spanning platforms, systems, missiles, and smart munitions. By 2024, EDGE reported revenues exceeding $5 billion, employing 8,000, and securing $2.1 billion in international orders, up from $18.5 million in 2019—a testament to rapid scaling.

UAE's EDGE Group: The Consolidated Model in Action

The UAE exemplifies the 'consolidated' defence entrepreneurship model, where EDGE Group orchestrates a vertically integrated ecosystem. Key achievements include:

• Development of advanced UAVs, missiles, and electronic warfare systems exported to over 20 countries.
• Partnerships with global giants like Lockheed Martin and Dassault, blending technology transfer with local innovation.
• Contribution to UAE's $23.2 billion 2023 defence budget, targeting 60% localization by 2031.

EDGE's four verticals—platforms & systems, missiles & weapons, electronic systems, and training & simulation—position the UAE as a top 25 global military supplier. Lyristis notes how this model leverages Abu Dhabi's investment ecosystem, fostering startups and R&D hubs aligned with national priorities.

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

Saudi Arabia's SAMI: Top-Down Approach Compared

In contrast, Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund-backed Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI), launched in 2017, pursues a 'top-down' strategy under Vision 2030. Aiming for 50% localization by 2030, SAMI has secured $15 billion in contracts, focusing on aircraft maintenance, land systems, and advanced manufacturing.

Lyristis's comparative analysis reveals synergies and divergences: UAE's agility versus KSA's scale. Both face the 'localization dilemma'—balancing foreign expertise with Emiratisation/Saudisation quotas. For UAE academics, this comparison illuminates policy trade-offs, relevant to higher ed career advice in defence tech.

Key Drivers Behind the Defence Localization Shift

Lyristis identifies three pillars propelling this transformation:

• Geopolitical Anxieties: Perceived US retrenchment post-Afghanistan and Iraq, prompting diversification from Western suppliers amid Iran tensions.
• Operational Lessons: Yemen and Libya conflicts exposed limitations of imported systems in asymmetric warfare, spurring indigenous R&D for drones and precision munitions.
• Economic Diversification: UAE Vision 2031 and KSA Vision 2030 target non-oil revenues, with defence contributing 13% to UAE GDP projections by 2030.

Recent UAE successes, like EDGE's Dh18.6 billion ($5.1 billion) contracts at IDEX 2023, validate this trajectory. Explore related opportunities at higher ed jobs in defence engineering.

Challenges and the Localization Dilemma

Despite progress, hurdles persist. Human capital gaps require upskilling 100,000+ Emiratis for high-tech roles, per Tawazun Council targets. Innovation lags behind leaders like Israel (RAPHAEL), necessitating FDI and JVs. Financial dependency on state funding risks volatility amid oil price swings.

Lyristis warns of sustainability risks, urging hybrid models blending public investment with private venture capital. UAE universities play a crucial role, with programs at NYU Abu Dhabi and Khalifa University training future leaders. EDGE Group's site showcases ongoing initiatives.

Implications for UAE Strategic Autonomy

This entrepreneurship enhances UAE deterrence, export revenues ($4 billion+ projected by 2030), and soft power via arms diplomacy. In a multipolar world, sovereign capabilities counter Houthi drones and Iranian proxies effectively.

For UAE higher education, Lyristis's chapter inspires curricula in security studies and entrepreneurship. Institutions like Zayed University can integrate such insights, preparing graduates for university jobs in defence R&D.

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

Future Outlook: Sustainable Defence Innovation

Looking ahead, AI integration, hypersonics, and green munitions will define next-gen capabilities. UAE's $1 billion+ annual defence R&D spend positions it competitively. Lyristis advocates public-private synergies to overcome barriers.

As GCC intra-trade grows 15% yearly, joint ventures like Tawazun-EDGE could standardize production. Students eyeing defence careers should check higher ed career advice.

Academic Relevance and Call to Action

Dr. Lyristis's publication elevates UAE/Gulf scholarship globally, encouraging UAE universities to host forums on defence entrepreneurship. Access the chapter via DOI.

Explore defence roles at higher ed jobs faculty, higher ed jobs, or rate my professor for mentors. AcademicJobs.com connects you to UAE opportunities in this dynamic field.