UAEU Researchers Uncover Microplastic Hotspots in Abu Dhabi's Coastal Waters and Sediments
A groundbreaking study led by scientists from the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) has mapped microplastic pollution across Abu Dhabi's marine environments, revealing concerning levels in waters and sediments. Published in Frontiers in Marine Science on February 26, 2026, the research provides the first comprehensive baseline for microplastics (MPs)—tiny plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters—in this vital ecosystem. Lead author Abdulsalam Husain Al Hashmi, from UAEU's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD), collaborated with colleagues Rajasekhar Thankamony, Hamad Abdulla Al Hammadi, and Thies Thiemann from UAEU's Chemistry Department. Their findings highlight spatial variations tied to human activities, urging targeted interventions to protect UAE's marine biodiversity and economy.
Abu Dhabi's coastline supports rich ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs, alongside economic pillars such as oil production, desalination, fisheries, and tourism. This UAEU-led effort underscores higher education's role in addressing environmental challenges, positioning the university as a key player in sustainable marine research.
Defining Microplastics: The Invisible Invaders Threatening UAE Marine Life
Microplastics are plastic fragments less than 5 mm in size, categorized as primary (manufactured small, like microbeads) or secondary (broken down from larger debris). They enter oceans via wastewater, runoff, atmospheric deposition, and direct dumping. In the Arabian Gulf's hypersaline waters (up to 48 practical salinity units), low-density MPs like acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) float, while denser ones like nylon sink into sediments.
Globally, MPs affect over 800 marine species through ingestion, entanglement, and toxin transport. In the UAE, where desalination meets 42% of the world's capacity and oil extraction dominates, MPs pose amplified risks. Prior studies noted MPs in UAE fish guts and oysters, but Abu Dhabi's full mapping was lacking until this UAEU research filled the gap.
Methodology: Rigorous Sampling Across Abu Dhabi's Diverse Marine Sites
The team sampled 10 ecologically distinct categories from April to July 2024, post-extreme weather events that likely boosted runoff. Sites included oilfields (e.g., Mubaraz), desalination plants (e.g., Jabel Dhana), ports (e.g., Abu Dhabi Port), aquaculture farms, public beaches (e.g., Corniche), confined channels, new developments (e.g., Yas Canal), point sources, offshore islands (e.g., Dalma), and natural habitats (e.g., Eastern Mangroves).
Surface water used Manta trawls (300 µm mesh, towed 20 minutes at 4 knots); subsurface (2m depth) via Niskin bottles (1.7L). Sediments via Van Veen grabs. Processing involved density separation with NaCl/NaI, enzymatic/H2O2 digestion to remove organics, filtration, and analysis: FlowCam for 100-300 µm, microscopy/FTIR for 300-5,000 µm polymers (NIST library match >70%). A total of 1,493 MPs were sized/shaped/colored; 240 polymer-identified. Pollution Load Index (PLI) used natural habitats as baseline (PLI=1).
Key Findings: Elevated Microplastic Levels in High-Impact Zones
Water MPs averaged higher in surface (up to 11 P/L near islands) than subsurface. Overall highs near oilfields (9.3 P/L) and islands (8.2 P/L); lowest natural habitats (4.5 P/L). Sediments peaked at oilfields (6.6 P/100g), desalination (6.0 P/100g). Smaller MPs (100-300 µm) were abundant, e.g., 14 P/L water near oilfields.
| Site Category | Surface Water (P/L) | Sediment (P/100g) |
|---|---|---|
| Near Oilfields | 10.8 ± 6.4 | 6.6 ± 6.9 |
| Offshore Islands | 11.0 ± 4.2 | 5.3 ± 6.2 |
| Ports/Marinas | 7.7 ± 6.5 | 5.0 ± 3.5 |
| Natural Habitats | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.2 |
"Natural habitats showed the lowest MP levels... while sites near oilfields... had the highest," the study notes.
Dominant Polymers and Shapes: Clues to Abu Dhabi's Pollution Sources
FTIR identified ABS (31%), cellulose acetate (CA, 27%), nylon-66 (PA-66, 20%), PET (10%). ABS/CA floated; PA-66/PET sank. Fibers dominated shapes, followed by fragments/films. Colors: blue/black common. Oilfields showed more PA-66/PET from rig paints/nets; beaches CA from filters.
- ABS: Linked to 3D printing, solar mounts, litter.
- CA: Cigarette filters, textiles.
- PA-66: Fishing nets, ropes.
- PET: Bottles, packaging.
This composition reflects UAE's urban/industrial profile.Explore environmental engineering roles at UAE universities.
Spatial Patterns and Pollution Load: Oilfields and Islands Emerge as Hotspots
PLI scores: oilfields (2.02), islands (1.76), ports (1.65)—indicating heavy anthropogenic load. Currents transport MPs to protected islands. Extreme floods (Feb/Apr 2024) spiked runoff. Natural sites lowest but still polluted, stressing transport dynamics.
PLI >1 signals pollution; UAEU's mapping enables precise monitoring.
Comparisons: Abu Dhabi Levels Amid Gulf and Global Trends
Sediment MPs (mean ~5 P/100g) align with Gulf peers (Iran 0.2-125 P/100g; Qatar similar). Water higher than some Red Sea sites but lower than polluted Asian coasts. Smaller MPs elevate risks. UAEU study surpasses prior local snapshots, providing robust baseline.Read the full UAEU study.
Ecological Risks: Ingestion, Toxins, and Biodiversity Loss in UAE Waters
MPs ingested by fish, oysters, turtles, dugongs—transferring additives (phthalates) and adsorbed pollutants (PCBs, heavy metals). UAE's pearl oysters, hammour fish vulnerable; seabirds show plastic necropsies. Mangroves/seagrasses filter MPs but bioaccumulate. Long-term: disrupted food webs, reduced fisheries yields.
UAEU researchers warn: "High PLI near protected islands highlights urgent ecosystem safeguards."
Economic Stakes: Threats to UAE Fisheries, Tourism, and Desalination
UAE fisheries worth billions; MP-tainted seafood risks exports/health. Tourism (beaches, diving) faces 'plastic beaches' stigma. Desalination intakes clog with MPs, raising costs. Oil sector: rig litter contributes. UAE aims triple fish stocks by 2030; MPs jeopardize this.Career advice for marine scientists in UAE.
UAE's Bold Actions: Plastic Bans, Cleanups, and University Innovations
UAE phases single-use plastic bans: bags/straws 2022-2024, nationwide expansion 2026 (cups, styrofoam). EAD's beach tech with NMDC recovers plastics; UAEU-EAD partnerships monitor. NYU Abu Dhabi upcycles PE; Khalifa University studies mangroves. Abu Dhabi saved 364M bags.EAD microplastics initiative.
- 2026 SUP ban: Cutlery, cups, boxes.
- Mission to Zero: 50% bottle recovery.
- Protected areas expansion to 20% waters.
Future Strategies: Mitigation, Monitoring, and UAEU's Research Leadership
Solutions: Filter wastewater/desal intakes, net recycling, public education, biodegradable alternatives. UAEU advocates seasonal monitoring post-floods. International collaboration via UN plastics treaty. Higher ed key: train env engineers.UAE university jobs in sustainability.
"Need comprehensive inventories and mitigation," authors conclude.
Photo by Vitaly Gariev on Unsplash
Call to Action: Protecting Abu Dhabi's Blue Legacy Through Science and Policy
UAEU's Frontiers study spotlights microplastic pollution's scale in Abu Dhabi marine ecosystems, blending academic rigor with policy impact. As UAE balances growth and sustainability, such research drives solutions. Explore opportunities at UAE academic jobs, higher ed careers, or rate professors. Share insights in comments—join the conversation on marine conservation.
