Unicamp's Breakthrough in Dengue Control: Thyme Oil Encapsulation Technology

The State University of Campinas (Unicamp), one of Brazil's premier higher education institutions, has pioneered a game-changing technology to combat the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the primary vector for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Developed at the School of Food Engineering (FEA-Unicamp), this innovation uses thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris) encapsulated in a biodegradable corn starch matrix to eliminate 100% of dengue larvae in stagnant water within 48 hours.

Led by Professor Ana Silvia Prata, the research team addressed key challenges in vector control: the need for safe, eco-friendly, and reusable larvicides suitable for household use. A single particle can treat up to 100 ml of water, sinking to the bottom where larvae congregate, swelling upon contact, and releasing the active oil gradually through a leaching process. This controlled release ensures prolonged efficacy, even through wet-dry cycles, making it ideal for common breeding sites like flower vases, bottle caps, and plastic containers.

The Persistent Dengue Threat in Brazil and Unicamp's Response

Brazil faces an ongoing battle against dengue, with over 6.4 million probable cases in 2024 alone, dropping to 1.66 million in 2025 due to vaccination efforts but forecasted at 1.8 million for 2026, concentrated in São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Early 2026 data shows São Paulo confirming its first dengue death amid 971 cases, underscoring the urgency. Unicamp's location in Campinas, São Paulo—a dengue hotspot—motivated this research, aligning with the university's mission to translate academic innovation into public health solutions.

"The development stemmed from creating a safe, scalable product for domestic environments, targeting small foci where traditional methods fall short," explains Prata. This positions Unicamp at the forefront of interdisciplinary higher education research, blending food engineering with entomology and public health.

Scientific Foundations: From Essential Oil to Encapsulated Larvicide

Thyme essential oil's larvicidal properties stem from compounds like thymol and carvacrol, which disrupt larval respiration and nervous systems. However, its volatility limited standalone use. The Unicamp team, including PhDs Marcio Schmiele and Juliana Dias Maia, plus collaborator Johan Bernard Ubbink from Cal Poly, employed thermoplastic extrusion—no solvents—to encapsulate the oil in corn starch particles. This biodegradable carrier reduces the lethal concentration by up to fivefold while enabling slow release.

The process unfolds step-by-step: 1) Particle immersion swells the starch; 2) Leaching expels oil droplets; 3) Oil disperses at the water bottom, targeting vulnerable 3rd/4th instar larvae; 4) Full mortality in 48 hours. Reusability—up to five cycles—stems from the particle drying intact, ready for reactivation.Food engineers eyeing research careers can draw inspiration from this nanoencapsulation expertise.

Rigorous Testing: Lab to Field Validation

Laboratory assays confirmed 100% larval mortality at low doses, outperforming chemical standards. Field trials with the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) and Adamantina City Hall (SP) demonstrated superiority over biological agents like Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). In Adamantina, particles reduced breeding sites proactively, educating residents.

• Lab efficacy: 100% kill rate in 48h across replicates.
• Field performance: Beat Bti in persistence and reuse.
• Safety: Minimal toxicity risk for non-targets, including accidental ingestion by children/pets.

Published in Industrial Crops and Products (2019), the core study validated the system against Aedes aegypti.

Licensing Milestone: From Lab Bench to Market via Inova Unicamp

Protected by patent, the technology was licensed to Zöld (a São Paulo firm) through Inova Unicamp, earning the 2025 Inventores Award for Licensed IP. Director César Xavier notes ANVISA registration advances, reclassifying essential oils as desinfestants. Production scaling is imminent post-2025 approval.

This exemplifies Unicamp's tech transfer prowess, fostering research jobs in biotech commercialization.

Photo by Carlos Felipe Ramírez Mesa on Unsplash

Eco-Friendly Edge Over Synthetic Larvicides

Unlike temefos (organophosphate with resistance issues), Unicamp's particle is natural, biodegradable, and low-dose, minimizing environmental impact. No solvent use ensures safety; starch degrades harmlessly. It targets domestic sites inaccessible to fogging, complementing vaccines like Qdenga.

Brazilian Higher Ed Ecosystem: Collaborative Dengue Research

Unicamp joins peers: USP's curcuma photolarvicide (IFSC-USP), Fiocruz's ecological patent, UnB's plant-based agents, UFMG's sewer larvicide. These efforts highlight Brazil's universities driving integrated pest management. FAPESP funding underscores public investment in higher ed innovation.

Prospective Brazilian academics can explore these via faculty positions.

Public Health Implications and Policy Integration

With 2026 forecasts predicting surges, this tech could integrate municipal programs, reducing costs and resistance. Educational impact: Visible particles prompt breeding site elimination. Aligns with SDG 3 (Health & Well-being).

Future Outlook: Regulatory Approval and Scale-Up

ANVISA approval by late 2025 paves commercialization. Zöld plans mass production; Prata envisions nationwide rollout. Ongoing trials may expand to other vectors. Unicamp's model inspires postdoc success in translational research.

Career Opportunities in Brazilian Dengue Research

Unicamp's success opens doors for food scientists, entomologists, and engineers. Explore university jobs in Brazil's vibrant higher ed sector, from research assistants to professors. Platforms like AcademicJobs.com connect talent to impactful roles.

Photo by Denise Chan on Unsplash

Conclusion: A Model for University-Led Innovation

Unicamp's thyme oil technology exemplifies how Brazilian higher education drives solutions to national crises. As dengue persists, this eco-innovation promises healthier communities. Stay informed and consider contributing via Rate My Professor, Higher Ed Jobs, or Career Advice.