A groundbreaking new study from researchers at the University of New Brunswick and Dalhousie University is delving into the nuances of adult sexting culture in Canada, aiming to clarify unspoken norms around consent, content sharing, and post-relationship expectations. Led by postdoctoral fellow Dr. Brandon Sparks at UNB and PhD student Jennifer McArthur at Dalhousie, the research seeks participants through online interviews to understand why adults sext, how it makes them feel, and how they manage risks in this increasingly common digital practice. This initiative highlights Canadian higher education's pivotal role in addressing modern relationship dynamics shaped by technology.
Sexting, defined as the sending and receiving of sexually explicit messages, images, or videos via digital devices, has evolved from a fringe activity to a mainstream element of adult intimacy. As smartphones and dating apps proliferate, what was once stigmatized is now normalized, yet surrounded by ambiguity. The study underscores a critical gap: many Canadians engage in sexting without explicit discussions on boundaries, leading to assumptions that can foster misunderstandings or harm.
The Growing Prevalence of Adult Sexting in Canada
Research indicates that sexting is far from rare among Canadian adults. A 2018 binationally representative study of committed relationships in the US and Canada found that only 71.5% were non-sexters, with 14.5% engaging in word-only sexting, 8.5% frequent sexting (words and pictures), and 5.5% hyper sexting. More recent data on emerging adults aged 18-30 shows up to 80% have sexted, often starting as teens. In committed relationships, nearly 75% report sexting, with 43% doing so casually.
These figures reflect broader trends where digital communication enhances romantic and sexual expression. For instance, platforms like Tinder and Grindr often set expectations for unsolicited images as interest signals, blurring lines between flirtation and intrusion. Canadian universities, through surveys and campus studies, note similar patterns among students and faculty, prompting research into its implications for well-being.
Consent Communication: The Unspoken Challenge
At the heart of the UNB-Dalhousie study is the lack of open dialogue on consent. Dr. Sparks notes, 'People can't assume what is being done or what should be done' with sexts, with some demanding deletion without discussion, others finding retention arousing if private. McArthur adds that normalizing these talks, like consensual sex discussions, could ease overwhelm.
In Canadian higher education, consent education has gained traction. Programs at universities like the University of Toronto's Sexual Education Centre and Western University's sexual violence prevention training emphasize digital consent, teaching students to navigate sexting safely. Yet, assumptions persist, especially on apps where unsolicited nudes are anticipated, highlighting the need for explicit communication.
Risks of Adult Sexting: From Image-Based Abuse to Emotional Harm
While common, sexting carries risks. Non-consensual distribution of intimate images (IBSA), or 'revenge porn,' affects over 20% globally, with Canada seeing rising reports. Frequent sexters report poorer attachment, higher conflict, and technoference. Legally, for adults 18+, consensual sexting is permitted, but sharing without consent violates Criminal Code section 162.1, punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment.
Universities like McMaster address this via SVPRO resources, warning of emotional victimization linked to sexting. Youth stats show 42% non-consensual sharing, informing adult-focused prevention.
Read the full CBC coverage on this emerging research here.
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Benefits: Enhancing Intimacy and Satisfaction
Sexting isn't solely risky; a scoping review identifies benefits like sexual exploration, pleasure, improved body image from partner validation, and relational connectedness. In relationships, higher sexting correlates with sexual satisfaction, viewed as fun and expected. For long-distance couples, it bridges physical gaps.
Canadian research supports this duality, with frequent sexters reporting higher sexual but not overall relationship satisfaction. Universities promote balanced views in digital literacy programs.
Canadian Universities at the Forefront of Sexting Research
Higher education institutions drive understanding. Beyond UNB and Dalhousie, University of Calgary links teen sexting to mental health risks. Carleton University examines high-risk sexting in emerging adults. Pro Bono Students Canada offers consent workshops covering sexting.
Educational Initiatives: Building Digital Literacy on Campuses
Canadian colleges integrate sexting into consent curricula. University of Ottawa prepares teachers for sexuality discussions. Students for Consent Culture Canada provides toolkits on prevention. McMaster's SVPRO educates on legalities, emphasizing adult consent vs. youth protections.
- Workshops on digital consent and safe sexting practices.
- Peer-led programs fostering open communication.
- Integration into health and psych courses.
Legal Framework: Navigating Canada's Sexting Laws
For adults, sexting is legal if consensual, but non-consensual sharing incurs penalties. Youth under 18 face child pornography charges even consensually, per private use exception limits. Universities advise awareness, linking to resources like Cybertip.ca.
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Stakeholder Perspectives and Real-World Implications
Experts like Sparks advocate normalizing talks to mitigate harms. Students report mixed experiences: excitement vs. anxiety over permanence. Implications for higher ed include expanded psych/neuro programs on digital intimacy.
Future Outlook: Shaping Healthier Digital Relationships
As the UNB-Dalhousie study progresses, expect insights guiding policy and education. Contact bsparks@unb.ca or jennifer.mcarthur@dal.ca to participate. Canadian universities continue leading, promoting balanced, consent-focused digital literacy.