A groundbreaking study published in The Lancet Global Health has revealed that rising temperatures due to climate change are significantly reducing physical activity levels worldwide, with profound implications for public health and university communities. Researchers from leading institutions across Latin America analyzed data from 156 countries spanning 2000 to 2022, finding that each additional month where average temperatures exceed 27.8°C correlates with a 1.44 percentage point increase in physical inactivity among adults.
Physical inactivity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as failing to meet the recommended minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity per week. This threshold is crucial for preventing non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. The study's lead author, Christian García-Witulski, PhD, from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina's Centro de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, emphasized that this trend represents "not just a climate story, but an inequality story," disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
🔥 University Researchers Lead the Charge in Uncovering Heat's Impact
The research team, comprising academics from prestigious universities including Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Peru, Universidad Espíritu Santo in Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and Universidad de los Andes in Colombia, employed a sophisticated binned fixed-effects panel regression model. This approach controlled for variables like precipitation, air pollution, GDP per capita, and death rates, isolating temperature's effect on inactivity rates derived from WHO surveys involving 5.7 million participants.
These higher education institutions highlight the pivotal role of universities in addressing global challenges. García-Witulski noted, "In settings where people have less access to cooling, fewer safe indoor alternatives, and less flexibility, heat translates into reduced physical activity." The study's rigor underscores how Latin American academia is at the forefront of interdisciplinary climate-health research, blending economics, public health, and environmental science.
At Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile's Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, co-author Oscar Melo and colleagues have long focused on climate modeling, contributing to CMIP6 projections used for future forecasts. Similarly, Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá integrates such findings into its public policy curricula, training future leaders to tackle these issues.
Key Findings: How Heat Disrupts Daily Movement
The analysis showed stronger effects in LMICs (1.85 percentage points per extra hot month) compared to high-income countries, where air conditioning mitigates impacts. Women experienced a 1.69 percentage point rise versus 1.18 for men, attributed to physiological differences and social factors like caregiving duties limiting access to cooled spaces. Older adults saw up to 2.75 percentage points increase, emphasizing vulnerability across demographics.
Countries with cooler baselines faced amplified effects—up to 6.47 percentage points—suggesting adaptation lags in temperate regions. Universities worldwide are now incorporating these insights into kinesiology and sports science programs. For instance, Washington University in St. Louis has explored physical activity-climate links through umbrella reviews, recommending shaded paths and indoor alternatives on campuses.
- Temperature bins above 27.8°C directly suppress outdoor activities like walking, cycling, and sports.
- Urban heat islands exacerbate this on university campuses, where open fields and tracks become unusable during peak heat.
- Student athletes in physical education (PE) classes report reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during recess and training.
Regional Hotspots and University Responses
Projections under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) predict global inactivity rising 0.98 to 1.75 percentage points by 2050, with hotspots in Central America, the Caribbean, eastern sub-Saharan Africa, and equatorial Southeast Asia exceeding 4 points. In Latin America, countries like Nicaragua and Ecuador—home to study authors' universities—face acute risks.
Universities in affected regions are adapting. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile has piloted heat-acclimatization protocols for student athletes, drawing from physiology research on thermoregulation during exercise. In the U.S., institutions like Stanford University study heat's cognitive impacts on learning, linking it to reduced campus activity.
Photo by Immo Wegmann on Unsplash
Health and Economic Toll: A Call for Campus Action
By 2050, this could yield 470,000 to 700,000 extra deaths annually—7-11% above current 6.5 million inactivity-attributable deaths—and $2.4-3.68 billion in productivity losses via the friction-cost method (90-day work absence equivalent). Middle-income countries bear 55% of losses, straining university budgets for health services.
Higher education faces direct hits: declining student fitness affects academic performance, as heat reduces MVPA during PE and exacerbates mental health issues. Research from Nature Climate Change echoes this, noting extreme weather cuts activity most in vulnerable groups. Campuses like UBC's kinesiology programs advocate for 'Physical Activity and Climate Change (PACC)' frameworks to promote active transport mitigating emissions.
| Region | Projected Inactivity Increase (SSP5-8.5) | Key University Research |
|---|---|---|
| Latin America/Caribbean | >4 pp in hotspots | Pontificia Universidad Católica affiliates |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 1.5+ pp median | Climate adaptation studies |
| Southeast Asia | >4 pp equatorial | Thermal comfort research |
Solutions from Academia: Building Resilient Campuses
University-led innovations include heat-adaptive designs: shaded walkways, reflective surfaces, and subsidized gyms. The full Lancet study urges targeted communication for safe activity timing. SHAPE America guidelines for school PE during heat—mirrored in colleges—recommend hydration stations and indoor shifts.
- Implement heat acclimatization: Gradual exposure improves performance in warm conditions.
- Promote indoor alternatives: Campus rec centers with climate control.
- Policy integration: Universities like Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health research urban heat mitigation.
Guardian coverage amplifies calls for emissions cuts alongside adaptations.
Case Studies: Universities in Action
At Universidad de los Andes, economics faculty model productivity losses, informing national policies. In Australia, La Trobe University trials AI-monitored indoor fitness amid heatwaves. U.S. community colleges adapt recess and sports per temperature thresholds, boosting safety.
Future Outlook: Higher Ed's Role in Climate-Resilient Activity
Projections under low-emission SSP1-2.6 limit damage, but high SSP5-8.5 doubles it. Universities must expand research like PACC models, integrating into curricula for climate-literate graduates. Stakeholder views—from WHO to campus admins—stress multidisciplinary approaches: kinesiology meets environmental engineering.
Actionable insights: Schedule classes/outdoor events pre-dawn or evenings; invest in green infrastructure. As García-Witulski concludes, treating activity as a "climate-sensitive necessity" prevents a "heat-driven sedentary transition." This positions higher education as key to global health resilience.
Photo by Jarosław Kwoczała on Unsplash
Emerging studies, like those on student thermal comfort in China, show inverse activity-temperature patterns, informing global strategies. With 2024's record heat, universities accelerate: Yale and UW expand climate programs, blending activity promotion with sustainability.
