Emerging Concerns from Campus Research on Cannabis and Student Wellbeing

As cannabis legalization expands across the United States, college campuses have become key sites for studying its intersection with mental health. A landmark systematic review published in The Lancet Psychiatry in early 2026 analyzed 54 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 2,500 participants and found sparse evidence supporting cannabis as a treatment for common conditions like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Led by researchers from the University of Sydney's Matilda Centre, the study highlighted low to very low certainty evidence due to small sample sizes and high bias risk, urging more rigorous trials.

US universities are at the forefront, with experts like Ryan Vandrey from Johns Hopkins University noting the 'embarrassing' research gap despite widespread use. This review underscores a pivotal moment for higher education, where student mental health services grapple with rising cannabis use amid legalization in 24 states for recreational purposes.

Cannabis Use Trends Among US College Students

National surveys reveal that about 40% of college students have used cannabis in the past year, with daily or near-daily use doubling since 2015 in legalized states, according to data from the University of Michigan's Monitoring the Future study. At institutions like the University of Colorado Boulder and Washington State University, proximity to legal markets correlates with higher prevalence, prompting dedicated research programs.

The University of Washington's Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute (ADAI) Cannabis Education & Research Program tracks these shifts, emphasizing how easy access influences vulnerable populations on campus. While some students self-medicate for stress, emerging data from Columbia University Irving Medical Center shows even infrequent use (once or twice monthly) links to elevated depression-like symptoms and impulsivity in adolescents transitioning to college.

🧠 University Studies Highlight Risks for Psychosis and Mood Disorders

Recent investigations from US universities paint a cautionary picture. A February 2026 JAMA Health Forum study, involving Kaiser Permanente researchers collaborating with university affiliates, analyzed nearly 500,000 adolescents and found past-year cannabis use doubled the risk of psychotic and bipolar disorders by young adulthood. Yale School of Medicine researchers reported post-legalization surges in severe cannabis use among early psychosis patients, with admissions rising 50% from 2014-2025 in Connecticut.

• Rutgers University experts warn high-potency products (up to 90% THC in vapes) pose dangers to developing brains, exacerbating schizophrenia risk.
• Johns Hopkins linked cannabis use disorder in youth to later psychiatric diagnoses, analyzing national data.
• University of Southern California echoed these findings, stressing longitudinal risks for college-aged users.

These studies define psychosis as hallucinations or delusions often tied to schizophrenia spectrum disorders, explaining step-by-step how THC disrupts dopamine signaling in the brain's reward pathways, potentially triggering latent vulnerabilities.

Sparse Evidence for Efficacy in Anxiety and Depression

The Lancet review confirmed no significant symptom reduction for anxiety (SMD –1.88, wide CI) or PTSD across three trials, with no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) even for depression. US experts like Ziva Cooper at UCLA attribute this to cannabis's biphasic effects: low doses may calm, but typical recreational levels heighten paranoia.

At Oregon Health & Science University, Devan Kansagara advises caution with high-THC strains for those with bipolar or psychotic histories. A University of California, San Diego genetic study further linked cannabis use to psychiatric traits via genome-wide analysis, informing campus counseling protocols.

Potential Benefits and Mixed Findings from US Research

Not all data is negative. CU Anschutz Medical Campus found middle-aged and older cannabis users showed larger brain volumes and better cognition, challenging stereotypes. Low-certainty evidence from the Lancet supports CBD+THC for reducing cannabis withdrawal and tics in Tourette's.

Johns Hopkins' Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit explores nabiximols (Sativex) for opioid withdrawal, while University of Michigan's MiWaves Study examines real-world impacts on wellbeing. However, these are niche; broad mental health claims lack backing.

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Research Barriers at US Universities

Federal Schedule I status hampers trials, but 2026 brings hope: UCLA secured $7.3M from California's Department of Cannabis Control for multi-site studies starting early next year. Johns Hopkins and Yale advocate rescheduling to Schedule III for easier research, echoing NPR interviews with faculty.

Funding skews toward industry; universities like Washington State prioritize public health amid state legalization revenues exceeding $1B annually.

Campus Mental Health Policies Evolving

With 44% of students reporting anxiety, per Healthy Minds Study from University of Michigan, colleges adapt. NYU and UC Berkeley integrate cannabis education into wellness programs, warning against self-medication. Policies prohibit on-campus use but refer to evidence-based therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

• Proactive screening at orientation.
• Partnerships with harm reduction centers.
• Telehealth for at-risk students in legal states.

Expert Perspectives from American Academics

Yale's Deepak Cyril D’Souza states, “Daily high-potency use may increase psychosis risk sixfold.” Johns Hopkins' Vandrey calls for diverse formulations testing. These voices guide policy, as seen in congressional hearings referencing university data.

Future Directions in Higher Ed Research

UCLA's grants target pain, sleep, and psych conditions; expect 2026-2028 data. Longitudinal cohorts at USC and Columbia track freshman cohorts. Actionable: Students consult campus health before use; prioritize sleep hygiene, exercise, therapy.

Stakeholder Views and Broader Implications

Administrators at legalized-state unis like CU Boulder report 20% rise in counseling for cannabis-related issues. NAMI and APA urge evidence-based alternatives. Future: Integrated campus programs blending research dissemination with support.

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Outlook for US Campuses

Sparse evidence demands caution. US universities lead in bridging gaps, fostering informed choices amid legalization. Prioritize proven interventions for resilient student mental health.