UFS Books Illuminate SASL's Journey to Official Status in South African Higher Education

In the vibrant landscape of South African higher education, the University of the Free State (UFS) continues to lead transformative efforts in linguistic inclusion through its pioneering work in South African Sign Language (SASL) research. SASL, the primary visual language used by the Deaf community in South Africa, achieved a historic milestone in 2023 when it was enshrined as the nation's 12th official language. This recognition marked South Africa as the first African country to grant constitutional status to a sign language, a feat driven by decades of advocacy, policy development, and academic scholarship.

Yet, as UFS scholars emphasize, official status is merely the beginning. Practical implementation remains a critical challenge, particularly in education where access to SASL-fluent instruction can profoundly impact Deaf learners' outcomes. With an estimated 600,000 to 4 million Deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals in South Africa, the stakes are high. Universities like UFS are at the forefront, not only documenting this journey but also equipping future educators, interpreters, and policymakers with the tools for meaningful change.

The Department of South African Sign Language and Deaf Studies at UFS, incorporating the Unit for Language Facilitation and Empowerment (ULFE), stands as a beacon in this field. Established to foster capacity building in SASL, the department offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs that blend linguistics, Deaf culture, history, and practical acquisition. Students engage in hands-on practice with Deaf community members, exploring grammar through handshapes, facial expressions, and non-manual features that define SASL as a full-fledged language.

From its inception, the department has produced groundbreaking research on SASL toponyms—place names signed by Deaf communities—revealing how written names influence sign forms. Projects like the Survey of SASL Place Names and the 'Our Places' app democratize access to these cultural artifacts. These initiatives underscore UFS's commitment to expanding scientific knowledge of SASL while supporting Deaf empowerment in higher education.

On 16 April 2026, the UFS Bloemfontein Campus hosted a poignant launch event in the Economic and Management Sciences Auditorium. Researchers, students, and partners gathered to celebrate two monographs that dissect SASL's evolution and the institutional efforts behind it. Prof Vasu Reddy, UFS Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research, Innovation, and Postgraduate Studies, hailed the works as embodiments of 'justice, care, and human dignity,' reminding attendees that 'recognition without implementation is an unfinished democratic practice.'

These publications emerge at a pivotal moment, one year after SASL's official gazetting, highlighting the gap between legal acknowledgment and everyday equity in South African universities and beyond.

Prof Theodorus du Plessis's *Van Tegniek tot Amptelike Taal: Die Opkoms van Suid-Afrikaanse Gebaretaal as ’n Twaalfde Amptelike Taal van Suid-Afrika 1977–2023* offers the first comprehensive historical-sociolinguistic chronicle of SASL's ascent. Drawing on archival documents, parliamentary debates, and media archives, it maps key milestones from apartheid-era marginalization to the 2023 constitutional amendment.

The narrative details the 1996 South African Schools Act's mandate for SASL in education, Pan South African Language Board involvement, and activist campaigns culminating in President Cyril Ramaphosa's signing. Du Plessis critiques post-recognition inertia, advocating for resource allocation, institutional buy-in, and societal shifts to achieve functional parity with spoken official languages. As the pioneer in SASL language planning, this book positions UFS as a guardian of linguistic rights in higher education.UFS launch details

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Complementing du Plessis's work, Prof Johan C Moll's *Geskiedenis van die Eenheid vir Taalfasilitering en Taalbemagtiging aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat, 1992–2018* chronicles ULFE's foundational role. Amid post-apartheid transformation, the unit professionalized interpreting, supported multilingual services for the Free State Legislature and Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and pioneered SASL as an academic discipline.

Moll details innovations in multilingual informatics, community platforms, and training that bridged hearing and Deaf worlds. This history not only celebrates UFS's contributions but also models how universities can drive language equity, influencing national policy toward SASL's officialization.

UFS's SASL research extends beyond history into cutting-edge applications. The department's R5 million-funded project with the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture advances Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies, including computer-readable SASL annotations, medical terminology glossaries, and AI-driven translation tools. Initiatives like HEARTS and the International Symposium on Place Names foster global collaboration.

These efforts address visibility gaps, with datasets on SASL toponyms revealing grassroots linguistic creativity. In higher education, such research equips lecturers and students for inclusive teaching, vital as only 40% of Deaf learners complete Grade 12 amid language barriers.

UFS leads, but peers like the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), University of Johannesburg (UJ), North-West University (NWU), Stellenbosch University, and Durban University of Technology (DUT) offer SASL modules, linguistics, and Deaf studies. Wits integrates SASL into language practice degrees, while UJ's Uni-Sign initiative promotes campus-wide awareness.

Post-2023, universities report increased enrollment in SASL courses, fostering hearing-Deaf interactions. However, implementation lags: only 8% of government departments are SASL-ready, per 2025 reports, mirroring higher education challenges like underfunded Deaf programs and SASL-fluent faculty shortages.

Despite official status, Deaf education faces hurdles. Fewer than 40% of Deaf learners finish high school, with oralist approaches dominating over SASL immersion. Universities struggle with interpreter shortages and inaccessible curricula. UFS scholars like du Plessis warn that without funding for teacher training and digital tools, recognition risks becoming hollow.

Stakeholders call for curriculum reforms, SASL in all institutions per the Use of Official Languages Act (2012), and research investment. Bilingual-bicultural models show promise, boosting literacy from 33% among Deaf adults.

Photo by Louis KIRNER on Unsplash

UFS celebrates trailblazers like Renatha van Reenen, SA's first Deaf master's graduate in SASL and Deaf Studies. Her research underscores SASL's grammatical depth, inspiring peers. Mlondi Cele, another alum, embodies resilience: 'Success is built through struggle, silence, doubt, and courage.'

These stories highlight higher education's transformative power, with SASL programs enhancing employability in interpreting, education, and advocacy.

The UFS books urge a 'resource-driven implementation' framework, including national SASL standards and university mandates. As SA's demographic dividend wanes, inclusive education via SASL could unlock Deaf talent in STEM and beyond. Partnerships with tech firms promise AI interpreters, while events like UFS's Deaf Awareness Month marches amplify calls for equity.

Looking ahead, 2026 conferences and funding could accelerate progress, positioning SA universities as global leaders in sign language scholarship.